The development of the optimization and adjustment of the mechanical and electrical industry structure

Since World War II, the remarkable feature of international trade change is the rapid growth of intra industry trade, that is, the trade volume between similar products in different countries has increased greatly. The reason is that the production of mechanical and electrical products with multinational corporations as the main body accelerates the optimization and adjustment of the mechanical and electrical industry structure, changes the traditional trade mode of imported primary products in many countries, and many intra industry trade of the same industry both export and import. It not only makes the trade between developed countries greatly increased, but also makes the trade between developing countries and developed countries and between developing countries increasing. With the rapid development of the internal trade of multinational corporations, more and more intermediate products of mechanical and electrical products have become the mainstream of world trade.
China has maintained the status of a large exporter of mechanical and electrical products for five consecutive years. In 2013, China's total import and export of mechanical and electrical products exceeded $2trillion, reaching $2.1 trillion, becoming a large trading country of mechanical and electrical products for four consecutive years, an increase of 290 times compared with 1980. Among them, exports increased from 1.56 billion dollars to 1.26 trillion dollars, accounting for the proportion of goods trade exports from 8.6 to 57.0 From the 1980s, the export of primary products such as metal products and mechanical equipment was the main one, and the proportion of high-tech products exported in 2013 reached 50.5. Over the past 30 years, the export category of mechanical and electrical products in China has changed from less to more, the technical level has changed from low to high, and the market competitiveness has changed from weak to strong, and the overall structure has changed fundamentally. The strong demand of import maintenance also plays an important role in accelerating the pace of technological transformation and promoting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure.
On the way to become a big country in goods trade, the achievements of mechanical and electrical products are exciting. At present, China has initially formed a complete category, distinctive industry characteristics and high-tech, high-value-added products as the leading commodity structure. Wang Guiqing, vice president of the chamber of Commerce for import and export of mechanical and electrical products, said that in particular in key industries, China's mechanical and electrical products have become one of the representatives of China's industrial level and Chinese manufacturing. For example, China has become a large producer and exporter of electronic information products, with more than 70% of the products shipped by computers and mobile phones; construction machinery enterprises such as XCMG, Zoomlion Heavy Industry and Sany Heavy Industry have entered the top 10 in the industry; large-scale single machine and complete set of equipment have become the core force to drive Chinese manufacturing to go abroad, etc.
Especially in the past 30 years, the proportion of general trade and processing trade in the export of mechanical and electrical products in China has experienced from 55 and 43 in 1985 to 23 and 74 in 2001, and then 35 and 51 in 2013. This development and change process shows that China is gradually getting rid of the dependence on processing trade, and the industrial structure extends to both ends of the value chain and the ability to participate in international competition is constantly enhanced.
In addition, the main body of mechanical and electrical trade is becoming more and more diversified, especially the proportion of private enterprises' export increased from less than 5 in 2001 to 30 in 2013. With an annual growth rate of 40.3, it has become an important force to promote the growth of China's mechanical and electrical trade. The vast import and export market, stable channels and increasingly balanced distribution are all gratifying changes. With the recovery of the world economy and the gradual release of a series of policy effectiveness of deepening reform and opening up, China's foreign trade of mechanical and electrical products will maintain a relatively stable growth trend of medium and low speed, and continue to maintain the status of electromechanical trade in the next 10 years.